麻豆社 Teach > Primary > KS1 Science > Space
Child VO:How does the Earth travel around the sun?
Maddie Moate:It's estimated that the Earth is home to about three trillion trees,and around 9 million different types of animals including about 8billion people. It's the only planet in the universe - that we knowof - which has life on it. All life on Earth depends on the Sun.
Joshua:The Sun is a huge burning star which gives out heat and light.
Taranpreet:The Earth is the third closest planet to the Sun and has perfectconditions for life to exist.
Maddie Moate:The Earth travels around the Sun and each complete circle, ororbit, takes about one year.
Serei:But why does the Earth travel around the Sun instead oftravelling in a straight line through Space?
Maddie Moate:It's all to do with gravity. Gravity is the invisible force that pullsobjects towards each other.
Child VO:The Sun has gravity too - pulling the Earth towards it. That's whywhen we drop these objects they fall down to the ground.
Maddie Moate:Everything in the universe has gravity, including the Sun. TheSun's gravity is pulling the Earth towards it. Stopping the Earthfrom floating away.
Child VO:Ok, but why doesn't the Earth crash into the Sun?
Maddie Moate:The Earth is travelling very fast through Space. If the Sun didn'thave gravity the Earth would travel in a straight line. But theSun's gravity pulls the Earth towards it. Causing the Earth tocircle around or orbit - the Sun. It takes the Earth 365 days toorbit the Sun that's a whole year.
Joshua:Actually! It's 365 and a quarter days.
Taranpreet:But you can't have have a quarter of a day.
Maddie Moate:That's why every four years we have to add another day toFebruary to make it right.
Serei:We call that a leap year.
Child VO:If the Sun is always in the same place, why do we see it moveacross the sky?
Maddie Moate:Great question! Let's ask an expert.
Dr Becky:Hi, I'm Dr Becky and I am a space expert. Now although it mightlook like it's the sun that's moving in the sky, it's actually us hereon planet Earth that are moving. Just like when you sit in a carand you look out of the window, and you see buildings zoomingpast you. It's not the buildings that are moving, it's you in the car.So, in the same way when the Earth moves around the sun on it'sorbit, it also spins around once every every 24 hours or one day.And so, it appears as if the sun is moving, but actually it's theearth that's spinning. So as our side of the earth faces the sun,that's when when it's daytime for us. And then as the earth spinson it's axis and then our side of the earth faces away from thesun, that's when it's night time.
Maddie Moate:Earth has one moon, and while the Earth orbits the Sun, themoon orbits the Earth. It takes 27 days for the moon to make onerotation around the earth. The Moon reflects the Sun's light. As itmoves around the Earth, the amount of sunlight that falls on thesurface changes. To us on Earth it looks like the moon changesshape, that's because we are only able to see the part of themoon that is reflecting the sun's light. Every object that existshas gravity. The Earth's gravity pulls the moon, but the moon'sgravity also pulls the Earth. This is what causes the tides - themovement of water in the seas and oceans on Earth.
Child VO:That's why when you go to a beach the ocean can be at high tidelow tide or in between!
Maddie Moate:The Earth is constantly changing.
Child VO:I know what's always changing on Earth - the seasons!
Maddie Moate:The seasons change because the Earth is not sitting straight it'stilted. And as Earth orbits the sun a different part of the earth istilting towards the sun. When the upper part of the Earth is tiltedtowards the Sun, it gets more light and warmth so it would besummer there. At the same time the lower part of the Earth istilted away from the Sun, it gets less light and warmth - so itwould be winter there.
Maddie Moate:What are you all up to?
Joshua:We're making up poems about the seasons
Taranpreet:listen to this one: Spring hums like a bee on the breeze, Summersings like the birds in the trees
Joshua:Autumn crackles like the leaves on the ground
Serei:Winter whispers, barely making a sound shhhhhh
Maddie Moate:Very nice! Could you write some words or even your own poemabout the seasons?
Video summary
In this video narrated by presenter Maddie Moate, a group of children take a trip to a Space Centre to find out all about our planet, how it works and why we have things such as the seasons.
During their visit, they also find out about day and night, how long it takes the Earth to spin, what the moon is and how we see the moon at night.
Space expert Dr Becky Smethurst answers the question: If the Sun is always in the same place, why do we see it move across the sky?
Teacher notes
Discussion points:
1. The Earth
- What colours make up the Earth and what does each colour show?
- How does the Earth move around the sun and what does this cause?
- Ask pupils to think about why facing the sun causes warmer, brighter times and facing away causes cooler, darker times.
2. The Moon
- What is a moon? Do all planets have a moon or moons?
- How many moons does the Earth have?
- Discuss reflection of the sun鈥檚 light and how the moon reflects this which makes it visible at night.
3. Gravity
- What is gravity and what does this do?
- Which item pulls the Earth and causes it to orbit around it?
- How long does it take the Earth to orbit the sun and why do we have a leap year every four years?
4. Seasons
- Discuss why we have seasons and why the tilt of the earth causes these.
- What are the key characteristics of the seasons and what do humans do differently during each season?
Suggested activities:
1. Investigating gravity
- After discussion gravity and what it does, consider how we can stop things falling to the ground, how can we create stronger push than pull forces.
- Can pupils use magnets and paperclips to defy gravity and make a small paper rocket clipped onto the paper clip float?
2. Diary of Earth
- Following learning from the video about planet Earth, can pupils write a diary entry as the planet, exploring what it feels and looks like as the seasons and time of the year changes.
- Pupils to share their diary entries and discuss key messages from these.
3. Earth art
- Following discussions about the colours that make up the Earth, can pupils create their own collage/piece of artwork based on the Earth, showing the colours of the planet.
- Discuss and share these pieces of work and why the colours used were chosen.
4. Seasonal poetry
- After watching the video and seeing the explorer鈥檚 example, can pupils create their own poem on the seasons.
- Share and appraise works and discuss interpretations of these poems created.
Curriculum notes:
- This video aligns with Science in the National Curriculum in England, Northern Ireland, and 1st Level in Scotland.
- It also supports the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience within the Curriculum for Wales.
What is the Solar System? video
This video explores the key characteristics of each planet within our solar system.
How do we explore space? video
In this video a group of children learn all about those who have explored space in the past and what they found out.
