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John Carteret, 1st Earl of Gresham |
New Hanoverians, Death, Gin and Defoe
Robert Walpole achieved peace. He made Great Britain more economic, encourage trade and religious tolerance. He could do nothing about the lack of medical knowledge - more people were dying at the beginning of the 18th century than were being born. Cheap gin was not helping matters.
Trade was all important and the trading classes were elevated to high society. Scientists were beginning to make the manual work easier. For example, in 1701, Jethro Tull had invented the wheeled seed drill.
JOHN CARTERET (1690-1763)- Second Baron Carteret, Second Earl Granville
- A gentleman of the bed chamber to George I who liked him much particularly as Carteret spoke German and George spoke little or no English
- Sent as Ambassador to Sweden
- Advised George II during the Austrian War of Succession
- His closeness to the monarch led to accusations that he had Hanoverian and not British interests at heart and he was forced to resign
- The King wanted him to be Prime Minister, but he had no broad political power base
- Became Lord President of the Council in 1751
At the beginning of the 18th Century 20 per cent of babies died in their first year and one third died before the age of five 6.7 million people lived in England, Wales and Scotland in George I's reign.
DANIEL DEFOE ON THE CHANGE IN THE CLASS SYSTEM
...The antient [sic] families are worn out by time and family misfortunes, and the estates possessed by a new race of tradesmen, grown up into families of gentry, and establish'd by the immense wealth, gain'd, as I may say, behind the counter; that is, in the shop, the warehouse, and the compting-house.The sons of tradesmen are adorn'd among the prime of the gentry, and the daughters of tradesmen adorned with ducal coronets and seen riding in the coaches of the best of our nobility. Nay, many of our trading gentlemen refuse to be rated among the richest knighted, and content themselves with being known to be rated among the richest commoners in the nation...
 
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| 1694 | Death of Mary II
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| 1701 | Death of James II
Louis XIV of France recognizes the Old Pretender as king
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| 1702 | Anne becomes queen
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| 1704 | Battle of Blenheim
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| 1706 | Battle of Ramilles
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| 1707 | Act of Union with Scotland
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| 1709 | Sacheverell impeached
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| 1711 | Marlborough dismissed
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| 1714 | Death of Queen Anne
Death of Sophia, Electress of Hanover
George I becomes king
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| 1715 | Jacobite revolt
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| 1716 | Septennial Act passed
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| 1717 | Triple Alliance is formed against Spain
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| 1718 | Quadruple Alliance is formed
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| 1720 | South Sea Bubble bursts
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| 1722 | Walpole becomes Prime Minister
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| 1727 | George I dies
George II becomes king
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