|
|
 |
The Republic of England
England became a republic in 1649. The monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church were all abolished. The great seal of England was replaced with a new one. Scotland was integrated, Ireland savaged and war declared on the Dutch. The country was now governed by a Council of State
Meanwhile Charles II was proclaimed king of Great Britain, France and Ireland in Scotland. One of the conditions of the Scots was that Charles should support the Presbyterian cause. Cromwell knew he had to leave Ireland and led his forces on Scotland. The Scots crowned Charles II at Scone. One year later after a terrible defeat at Worcester Charles II escaped to Holland.
Charles II |
CHARLES II (1630-1685)- King of England 1660-1685
- King of Scotland and Ireland 1649-1685
- The son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria
- Fought his first battle aged 12 at Edgehill
- Fled to the Continent in 1646
- Proclaimed King in Edinburgh and Dublin on his father's execution in 1649
- Invaded England from Scotland in 1651 but was seriously injured at Worcester, and hid in an oak tree while escaping
- In 1659 he opened secret negotiations with Monck and in the declaration of Breda (1660) Charles promised general amnesty, religious liberty and other conciliatory measures
- Returned to England in May 1660 and was proclaimed King
- Married Catherine of Braganza, a Portuguese Princess, in 1662.
- Had Catholic tendencies and promised to convert to Catholicism in the Treaty of Dover in 1670
- Strove to find a stable basis of Government
- Having no legitimate children, he expected to be succeeded by his brother James, Duke of York, a declared Catholic
- Pronounced himself a Catholic on his deathbed
After the Battle of Worcester Charles II hid in a tree to escape Cromwell's army and this is why so many public houses are called the Royal Oak.
 
|
|
/home/system/data/timb/kwikquiz.dat does not exist /home/system/data/timb/kwikquiz.html does not exist
| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes king of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
|
| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by Charles I
|
| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
|
| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
|
| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament - Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
|
| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
|
| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
|
| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
|
| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
|
| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
|
| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
|
| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
|
| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
|
| 1658 | Oliver Cromwell dies
|
| 1660 | Charles II signs the Declaration of Breda
Charles II is restored to the throne
|
| 1662 | Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza
|
|
