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The First Redcoat and the Battle of Naseby
In June 1645 Cromwell was made General of the Horse and the New Model Army met the Royalists at Naseby in Northamptonshire. Fairfax himself cut down the King's colour bearer, gathered his infantry to sweep up the Royalist infantry.
Naseby should be remembered as the conclusion of the 'first' Civil War, the first real success for the New Model Army and the beginning of the end of Charles I.
The King and Prince Rupert escaped to Leicester and from there to Scotland. Cromwell attacked the Royalist headquarters and discovered secret correspondence with the Queen, showing that Charles had tried to get help from abroad. He had hoped for forces from the Irish papists. These letters were eventually published and used to disgrace the King.
In February 1647 the Scots were paid an instalment of half the sum due to them for their services in England, handed Charles I over to the English and returned to Scotland.
Sir Thomas Fairfax |
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX (1612-1671)- A professional soldier
- Knighted by Charles I in 1641
- Became Parliamentary General of Horse in 1642 and Lord General of the New Model Army in 1645
- Won victories at Naseby and Langport
- Recaptured Colchester in 1648
- Took no part in Charles I's trial
- Resigned his command rather than invade Scotland in 1650
- Returned as an MP in 1654 and 1656
- Played a part in the recall of Charles II
- Retired to Yorkshire
Roundhead commander, Sir William Waller and the Royalist general, Sir Ralph Hopton were very close friends.
BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR
- Edgehill, England 1642
- Roundway Down, England 1643
- Newbury, England 1643 and 1644
- Marston Moor, England 1644
- Tippemuir, Scotland 1644
- Langport, England 1645
- Naseby, England 1645
- Philiphaugh, Scotland 1645
- Preston, England, 1648
- Drogheda, Ireland 1649
- Wexford, Ireland 1649
- Dunbar, Scotland 1650
- Worcester, England 1651
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes king of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament
Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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