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William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury |
The Scottish Revolt and the Seeds of Civil War
In 1640 England is on the brink of Civil War. William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, is desperately trying to unite the Church in England and Scotland. His determination that Scotland should adhere to the English Prayer Book led to conflict with Scotland.
Charles sent the Marquis of Hamilton to Scotland to face the Assembly who demanded the abolition of Episcopacy. Charles ordered the dissolution of the Assembly. The supporters of the Assembly were known as Covenanters, they raised an army and invaded England. Charles signed the Treaty of Berwick agreeing to call the Assembly and Parliament. Scotland sensed its power and capitalized on its alliance with France.
Charles looked to the first Earl of Strafford, Sir Thomas Wentworth, Lord Deputy of Ireland who called upon the 8000 strong Irish army. Charles was forced to recall Parliament after 11 years of rule without it, in order to raise money for war. Meanwhile Henrietta Maria was hatching a plot to enhance the Catholics' position.
The Scots invaded and took Northumberland and Durham. They were supported by Parliament and the Puritans.
WILLIAM LAUD (1573-1645)- Archbishop of Canterbury 1633-1645
- An Oxford don
- Lead the Armenian Party (High Church) under Charles I culminating in being made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633
- Determined to impose conformity on the Church using the Star Chamber and the High Commission
- Encouraged the compilation of the 1637 Scottish Prayer Book which led to the Bishops' Wars
- Imprisoned in 1641
- Impeached and executed in 1645 when Charles I was deposed
The Long Parliament rid itself of the Star Chamber.
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes King of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by
Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament - Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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| STUART KINGS AND QUEENS | | • | James I of England (1603-1625) married Anne of Denmark |
| • | Charles I (1625-1649) married Henrietta Maria of France |
| • | Charles II (1660-1685) married Catherine of Braganza |
| • | James II (1685-1688) married Anne Hyde, and later Mary of Modena |
| • | William III (1689-1702) married Mary II (1689-1694) |
| • | Anne (1702-1714) |
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