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	3 Oct 2014

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Coeur de Lion
Richard I, Coeur de Lion (the Lionheart) became King in 1189. He gained the crown by defeating his own father in battle. He rejected the peace efforts of the Pope and bishops and with the king of France.

His first task was to free his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and install her as his representative in England while he was settling his affairs in Normandy. Richard was forgiving. He made his peace with William the Marshal who was Henry's man and sent him to England to act on his behalf. William the Marshal married the heiress of Pembroke and thus became a powerful English baron. Richard made his brother, Geoffrey the Archbishop of York. To his youngest brother, John he gave lordships, castles and six entire counties, married him to Isabel of Gloucester and finally made him Lord of Ireland.

Richard's first commitment was to the Third Crusade: to rescue the Holy Land from the infidel. To fund this trip he ruthlessly taxed the nation and sold every office possible including Scotland. As soon as Richard left for Saladin the scheming began.

Richard I
RICHARD I, COEUR DE LION (1157-1199)

The third son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
Henry favoured his youngest son John, and Richard turned to Philip II Augustus of France
In 1189 he became King of England on Henry's death but shortly after in 1190 he set off on the Third Crusade, leaving his brother John in charge
Married Berengaria of Navarre thus ensuring the safety of his southern lands but in so doing fell out with Philip II to whose sister he had been betrothed
On his return home he was captured and held to ransom by Leopold of Austria
Philip II took this opportunity to seize some important frontier castles
Devoted the remainder of his life to their recovery

did you know?
Richard I left England within four months of being crowned to "take the cross".

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1177 Henry II's youngest son, John is made Lord of Ireland

1189 Henry II dies
Richard I becomes king

1190 Richard joins the Third Crusade

1192 Richard is imprisoned in Germany

1194 Richard returns to England

1199 Richard dies while fighting in France
John I becomes king of England

COUNTIES GIVEN TO JOHN BY HIS BROTHER, RICHARD COEUR DE LION
• Devon

• Cornwall

• Dorset

• Somerset

• Nottingham

• Derby

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