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The Great Exhibition and the Eve of the Crimean War
In 1849 Prince Albert adopted with enthusiasm a plan for an exhibition on a huge scale. It would celebrate the achievements and progress of the country and the world in every field. It would proclaim the benefits of free trade between all the nations of the world and aim for universal peace.
The Great Exhibition opened in 1851 in Hyde Park. The principal building was the Crystal Palace. The Exhibition was a huge success. Nearly 14,000 exhibits of industrial skill and craft were shown and over a million people a month visited it during the first six months.
In the middle of the 19th Century there were revolutions in the Italian states and France. Revolutionary nationalism was also stirring in Germany, Austria and Poland. The Czechs, Poles and Hungarians took up arms only to be defeated when the Czar of Russia stepped in to help. This interference in the affairs of Eastern Europe led Britain to war with Russia. This was the Crimean War.
Sir Joseph Paxton |
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON (1801-1865)- English gardener and architect
- Born in Milton-Bryant near Woburn
- Worked for the Duke of Devonshire at Chiswick and Chatsworth from 1826
- Designed a glass and iron conservatory at Chatsworth (1836-1840)
- Widely remembered for his enormous dome, the Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851
- After the Exhibition the Crystal Palace was moved to the top of Sydenham Hill in south east London but was destroyed by fire in 1936
- Became Liberal MP for Coventry in 1854
Seven attempts were made on Victoria's life. Most were attempts to shoot her but in 1850 a one-time Hussar, Robert Pate, attacked her with his walking stick and rendered her unconsciousThe Manifesto of the Communist Party was published in London in 1850.
 
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| 1834 | Melbourne becomes Prime Minister
Robert Peel becomes Prime Minister
Tamworth Manifesto is announced
Houses of Parliament are burned down
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| 1835 | Melbourne becomes Prime Minister
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| 1837 | William IV dies
Victoria becomes Queen
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| 1838 | The People's Charter is issued
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| 1839 | The Opium War breaks out
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| 1840 | Victoria marries Prince Albert
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| 1841 | Peel becomes Prime Minister
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| 1842 | The Opium War ends
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| 1845 | The Irish famine starts
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| 1846 | The corn laws are repealed
Russell becomes Prime Minister
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| 1848 | Public Health Act
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| 1851 | The Great Exhibition
Louis Napoleon seizes power in France
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| 1854 | The Crimean War breaks out
Florence Nightingale arrives at Scutari
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| 1855 | Palmerston becomes Prime Minister
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| 1856 | The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War
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| SOME 19TH CENTURY ACHIEVEMENTS | | • | Gas lighting |
| • | Photography |
| • | Davy's safety lamp |
| • | Penny Postage Stamps |
| • | Christmas Cards |
| • | Railways |
| • | The Zoological Society |
| • | Menai's Bridge, Telford |
| • | Stephenson's Rocket |
| • | The Metropolitan Police |
| • | Telegraph lines |
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