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The 46-year reign of S眉leyman the Magnificent across central Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East was defined by territorial expansion and economic growth, as well as a flowering of art, architecture and culture.

The epithet 鈥榤agnificent鈥� invites us to believe the Ottoman sultan could do no wrong. But he broke with precedent on several occasions and his private life came in for criticism. So how much does he owe his reputation to his advisers?

Bridget Kendall is joined by G谩bor 脕goston, professor of history at Georgetown University in Washington DC and author of many books on the Ottomans, including The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe; Ebru Turan, assistant professor of History at Fordham University. She鈥檚 writing a book entitled Last World Emperor: The Origins of Ottoman-Habsburg Imperial Rivalry in the Apocalyptic Mediterranean, 1516-1527; and Marc David Baer, professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He鈥檚 published widely on the Ottoman empire, including The Ottomans: Khans, Caesars and Caliphs, which was published in 2021.

Produced by Fiona Clampin for the 麻豆社 World Service

(Picture: Suleyman the Magnificent. Credit: Hasan Esen/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)